In vitro testing, antagonistic capability of Trichoderma spp. obtained from the rhizosphere of tomato showed inhibitory effect against growth of R. solani , few biological control agents have achieved success under field conditions. Among the hundreds of organisms identified as potential biological disease control agent, only few have resulted in proving commercially acceptable control of these diseases. Rhizoctonia solani were isolate from a naturally occurring epidemic of damping-off tomato plants grown in Kut governorate, Iraq,In vitro, of 9 isolates belonging to the fungus Trichoderma spp. 5 isolates belonging to the fungus T. viride while diagnosed 4 isolates belong to the fungus T. harzianum isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Both T. viride and T. harzianum had antagonistic effect on R.solani isolates . Results showed that ability of six isolates of the pathogenic fungus to damping of the tomato plant seedlings under greenhouse conditions , isolates R.solani-M and R.solani-H showed the largest percentage of the disease compared with other isolates( 30.2 and 32.1%) respectively, while the effect of isolate R.solani-A was daming of 21.9% from tomato seedlings Pre-emergence.
Keywords: tomato, biocontrol, damping-off, Trichoderma, Rhizoctobnia .

Headspace solid phase microextraction, fundamental& principle with its application on the determination of various pesticides are reviewed in this article. Pesticides extraction as a sample preparation step prior to subsequent analysis is aimed to achieve a reliable and accurate determination of this contaminants residue in food. Fast and high efficiency extraction process with free solvent consumption and overall cost is achieved through headspace solid phase micro extraction. HSPME is an equilibrium process which depends on the physio-chemical properties of the analyte to be extracted. Sample preparation and extraction condition such as fiber coating, temperature, time etc, have a direct impact on the extraction efficiency and sensitivity of headspace technique.
Keywords: Pesticides, vegetables, Fruit, Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction

Methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. cardunculus, A. millefolium, C. officinalis, and M. chamomilla flowers were Phytochemical, Identification of polyphenols and flavonoids by HPLC, and also investigated for their antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtillis. The phytochemical was observed that crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of investigated flowers the highest content from activity complex. HPLC analysis identified eighteen polyphenolic compounds as authentic samples namely: Gallic acid, pyrogallol, 4-amino benzoic, protocatechuic, cataehein, chlorogenic, catechol, e.picatechen, caffien, p.oh.benzoic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, ellagic, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, coumarin and cinnamic acid. While, flavonoid compounds its eleven compounds as authentic samples namely: narengin, rutin, hisperdin, romarinic, quereitrin, quereetrin, narenginin, kampferol, luteolin, hispertin, and 7-Hydoxyflavon. The methanolic extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (43.88 and 42.11%) for against B. subtillis at 6 mg/ml, While, the aqueous extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (29.99 and 29.22 %) for against Bacillus subtillis at 6 mg/ml. Moreover, the C. officinalis and C. cardunculus flowers extract produced the highest growth inhibition for methanolic and aqueous extracts of against Escherichia coli at 6 mg/ml.
Keywords: phytochemical, Hplc analysis, plant extracts , antibacterial activity

Three pot experiments were carried out at Agric. Res. Station, Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Nasr City during 2011/2012, 2012/2013 seasons, each one was to investigate the effect of four un mineral package for each N, P and K on quality of three wheat Egyptian varieties, such as, Sakha-93, Masr-1 and Banisweif-6. The N package were 75 kg N/fed (control), 75 kg N/fed + the twice cysteine spraying (each 150 ppm), 37,5 kg N/fed + bio N fertilizer (cerialen) + the twice cysteine spraying and 37,5 kg N/fed + bio N fertilizer (biogen) + the twice cysteine spraying. The p fertilizer packages were phosphorine, humic acid 6%, phosphorine+ humic 6% acid and control (without P). The K fertilizer package were Potassiumage, Banana ash 4%, Potassiumage + Banana ach 4% and control (without K fertilizer). On the other hand, a field experiment was applied in 2013/2014 session at El Klag region, Kaliobia Governorate, Egypt to confirm the result gaved from the pot experiments. However pot experiments were designed in complete randomizes design, the field experiment was in split plot design. Results showed significant differences between the three tested wheat varieties such as grain protein contents, wet and dry gluten content. Baniswif-6 gave grains quality characters higher than Sakha-93 and Masr-1 varieties in cache season under pot and field experiments. Technological properties were differed significantly between the studied nitrogen fertilizers packages treatments during the three growing seasons under pot or field experiments. In the second experiments, there were significant differences between the various phosphorus fertilizer packages treatments in both seasons under pot and field experiments. P4 and P3 treatments recorded the highest values of technological properties as compared with P1 treatment in the three seasons in pot or field experiments. The interaction effect between (var. X P. packages) showed that must of the studied characters were significant by the interaction between the two studied factors. Finally, in the third experiment, significant differences were observed between the four studied potassium fertilizers packages for all studied characters under pot and field experiment in both seasons, whereas K4 treatments gave the highest values of technological characters. Also K3 treatment ranked the second and produced the highest values of the previous traits in both seasons. Accordingly, the three wheat varieties showed highest responsibility to different N, P and K fertilizer packages in relation to some technological properties in pot or field experiments under these conditions
Keywords: biogen, phosphorin bacteria, potassumage, protein, wheat varieties

Aims: To establish the impact of using songs and music on English language acquisition of children in Saudi Arabia Methodology: Descriptive study, involved 20 Saudi teachers with different ages who were randomly selected from governmental and privates schools in Riyadh city – Saudi Arabia. The age of their students ranged from 6 to 10 years. 40 parents volunteered to participate, Parents were asked to answer an online survey comprising ten different questions. The survey was downloaded from the ‘Survey Monkey’ website. Interview questionnaire and online survey were the tools used for data collection. SPSS version 18 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: About 9 of all teachers don’t use songs and rhymes activities in teaching English. 15 of teachers out of 20 said that this technique is not a mandatory part of the curriculum. 13 of the teachers believe that it is very important and 2 teachers believed in using songs and rhymes for facilitate remembering. 16 of teachers out of 20 noticed that their students are actually using the songs or their vocabularies outside the classroom and 17 of all teachers stated that songs and rhymes helped their young learners’ English language development. 82.50% of parents in Saudi Arabia support teaching English to their children, 47.50% of parents stated that their child is using English only in the classroom. Only 7.50% of the parents were not aware of this classroom activity while 92.50% of them are aware. 2.50% of parents expressed their disagreement to use songs and rhymes in teaching English to their young children. Conclusion: Songs and rhymes is rarely used in teaching English to young learners in the Saudi Arabia and curriculum was not rich enough with fun activities like songs and rhymes.
Key words: songs and rhymes, value, teaching, English, young learners, Saudi Arabia