Dry seeds of six faba bean varieties (Sakha 1, Nubaria 2, Nubaria 3, Giza 3, Giza 716 and Giza 843) were irradiated with low doses of gamma rays (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 200 Gy). Treated seeds and control seeds were grown for two seasons. Results revealed that doses below 100 Gy increased morphological growth parameters as well as some yield parameters. The most effective dose varied in different faba bean varieties. Higher doses above 100 Gy were detrimental to plant growth and yield. The variation in ISSR profiling in response to girradiation treatments in M2 was detected using seven ISSR primers. The seven primers produced 81 bands including 75 polymorphic bands and 6 unique bands. The unique bands were scored in var. Nubaria 3 by the doses (20, 80 and 100 Gy), var. Giza 3 by the doses (20 and 60 Gy) and var. Nubaria 2 by the dose 200 Gy. The two varieties Nubaria 3 and Nubaria 2 showed higher numbers of polymorphic bands (225, 191) respectively compared to other varieties. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was estimated for each primer and ranged from 0.193 for primer 807 to 0.31 for primer 834 with a mean of 0.259.
Keywords: Mutation breeding, Gamma rays, Faba bean, Growth, Yield, ISSR.

This study was conducted under unheated plastic house condition at Arid Land services and Research Center (ALARC), Faculty of agriculture – Ain Shams University, Egypt, during two successive autumn seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 ability of use to investigate the Rhizobium inoculation as bio-fertilizer to reduce the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the substrate culture and its effect on the growth and yield of Snap bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Goya Four different mineral nitrogen rates (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of 200 ppm) with Rhizobium inoculation compared to 100% mineral N without inoculation also two different types of substrate systems (containers and pots) were in this investigation. The experimental design was split plot with three replicates. Vegetative growth, plant height, chlorophyll reading (spad), total leaves area, early and total yield, chemical analysis of pods, total soluble solids (T.S.S.%), total protein, total nitrogen content, number of nodules and nitrogenase activity were measured. Data showed that container system had a significant effect on vegetative growth parameters (plant height, chlorophyll reading (spad), and total leave area), and fruit weight (early and total fruit weight). Chemical properties of pods, number of nodules and nitrogenase activity compared to pots system. Control treatment (100% N without inoculation) and (100% N with inoculation) recorded the highest vegetative growth, early and total yield, T.S.S.(%), pod protein and total nitrogen content followed by 50 % N with Rhizobium inoculations. Moreover, data showed that 50% N gave the highest number of nodules and nitrogenase activity. Data showed that there were no significant among controls, 100%, 75% and 50% N combined with container and 100% N combined with pots followed by control combined with pots. Increase nitrogen rates led to increase the values of plant height, chlorophyll reading (spad), early yield and total yield.
Keywords: Snap bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.), substrate system, Rhizobium inoculation, mineral nitrogen, container system, pots system and Nitrogen fixing activity.

The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of C. cardunculus, A. millefolium, C. officinalis, and M. chamomilla flowers, C. officinalis flowers have the highest of total polyphenols and flavonoids contents, which were 86.11 mg GAE/g and 11.59 mg GAE/g, respectively. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of plant flowers was antioxidant activity by used (FRAP, ABTS and DPPH) The methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. officinalis flowers have the highest reducing power which was ranged from 0.5054 to 1.8019 and 0.4215 to 1.3153 at the concentrations of 10 and 80 mg/ml, respectively. Also, by used (ABTS) it could be percentage were 90.17and 79.31%, While, by used (DPPH) it could be percentage of inhibition (IC50) which were 0.004 and 0.006 for methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively.
Keywords: polyphenols, flavonoids, plant extracts, antioxidant activity (FRAP-ABTS-DPPH).

In vitro testing, antagonistic capability of Trichoderma spp. obtained from the rhizosphere of tomato showed inhibitory effect against growth of R. solani , few biological control agents have achieved success under field conditions. Among the hundreds of organisms identified as potential biological disease control agent, only few have resulted in proving commercially acceptable control of these diseases. Rhizoctonia solani were isolate from a naturally occurring epidemic of damping-off tomato plants grown in Kut governorate, Iraq,In vitro, of 9 isolates belonging to the fungus Trichoderma spp. 5 isolates belonging to the fungus T. viride while diagnosed 4 isolates belong to the fungus T. harzianum isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Both T. viride and T. harzianum had antagonistic effect on R.solani isolates . Results showed that ability of six isolates of the pathogenic fungus to damping of the tomato plant seedlings under greenhouse conditions , isolates R.solani-M and R.solani-H showed the largest percentage of the disease compared with other isolates( 30.2 and 32.1%) respectively, while the effect of isolate R.solani-A was daming of 21.9% from tomato seedlings Pre-emergence.
Keywords: tomato, biocontrol, damping-off, Trichoderma, Rhizoctobnia .

Headspace solid phase microextraction, fundamental& principle with its application on the determination of various pesticides are reviewed in this article. Pesticides extraction as a sample preparation step prior to subsequent analysis is aimed to achieve a reliable and accurate determination of this contaminants residue in food. Fast and high efficiency extraction process with free solvent consumption and overall cost is achieved through headspace solid phase micro extraction. HSPME is an equilibrium process which depends on the physio-chemical properties of the analyte to be extracted. Sample preparation and extraction condition such as fiber coating, temperature, time etc, have a direct impact on the extraction efficiency and sensitivity of headspace technique.
Keywords: Pesticides, vegetables, Fruit, Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction