The Purpose of the Study is to investigate teachers’ opinions regarding the benefits of computerized educational instruction. It also shows the barriers which hinder the use of computerized educational instruction in Iraqi secondary schools. Methodology: This study is pedagogical. The study sample includes (100) Iraqi teachers who are randomly chosen from different secondary schools in the center of Basra city. The researcher uses a questionnaire as a tool to collect data. The questionnaire given consists of two fields: the first field is about the advantages of computerized educational instruction while the second concerns the obstacles to the use of computerized educational instruction in Iraqi secondary schools. Thus, a questionnaire of (28) items, divided into two fields, has been distributed to the participants. For data entry and analysis, the researcher uses the Weighted Mean, (W.M.), Percentile Weight, (P.W.) and Spearman-Brown formula. Results: Concerning the benefits of using computerized educational instruction, item no.(14): “computer prepares students for living in an electronic environment” scores the highest P.W. (91%). Item no.(8): “computerized educational instruction stimulates students to practice different educational activities” comes next with P.W. (90%). Regarding the barriers which hinder the use of computerized educational instruction in Iraqi secondary schools, Item no.(19): ”the lack of training courses on the use of computer for both teachers and students” comes first with P.W. (95%). Item no.(27): ”the insufficiency of computers in secondary schools compared with the large number of students in each classroom” gets P.W. (94%). Conclusion: Most Iraqi teachers believe that the use of computerized educational instruction would be of assistance to students affecting their learning and increasing their enjoyment. Also, they think that the lack of teachers and students’ training besides the lack of computers in most schools are the main impediments to the use of computerized educational instruction in Iraqi secondary schools.
Key Words: Computerized Instruction, Benefits, Barriers, Disadvantages, Teachers

This study aimed to find out Yemeni chemistry and biology pre-service teachers’ (YCBPSTs) understanding of acid and base concepts. To this end, a cross sectional study was conducted on a sample consisted of 246 subjects that were selected from 590 of CBPSTs enrolled in the preparation program of science pre-service teachers (SPSTs) at faculty of education-Amran university in Yemen. An acid-base test, 24 multiple-choice questions, was developed as an instrument to carry out this study. Content validity as well as reliability of the instrument were calculated. Cronbach alpha coefficient of the instrument was found to be (0.72). Results of this study revealed that the overall scores of all participants were low. Hence the percentages of the average scores achieved on the overall acid-base test and its scales for all participants were respectively (38%, 40%, 36%, and 36%). In addition, it was found that no statistical significant difference in the mean of achievement scores on the test in all groups’ comparisons except for the ones that dealt with the academic year. Based on results of the study, it was recommend to widen its scope by conducting different studies that explore the YCPSTs’ understanding of other chemistry concepts in different program preparation of YCPSTs.
Key words: Science Education, Chemistry Education, Chemistry Concepts, Chemistry Pre-service Teachers, and Biology Pre-service Teachers.

Recently, Japanese are increasingly interacting with Arabic logotypes as a consequence of growing trade between Japan and Arab countries. This paper aims to examine Japanese consumer perception of Arabic alphabetic logos compared to English of the same corporate. With 20 logos as stimulus of 10 globally well-known companies (FedEx, Burger King, CNN, Subway, Tide, Baskin-Robbins, Vodaphone, Starbucks, Coca Cola, and Adidas), a questionnaire survey was curry out by fifty undergraduate students (35 males, 15 females) corresponding to our explanatory study design. In (SPSS) data entry, Factor Analyses of interval sampling extracted three main images for corporate logos, that is “Traditional and Consistent,” “Familiar and Favorable,” and “Creative and Innovative” and revealed that Arabic logos are creative but unfamiliar to Japanese in result. Moreover, another result was detected by Rough Sets analyses of (ROSE2) showing that Japanese are more familiar with English alphabetic logos than they are with Arabic alphabetic logos. Our conclusion suggests that to enhance the recognition of Arabic corporate logos in Japan, it is essential to familiarize Japanese with the Arabic alphabet.
Keywords: Arab corporate, Logo Design, Japan

The study sought to investigate the impact of limited and regulated code switching on the achievement of the Jordanian EFL learners. To achieve the aim of study, the use of code-switching was intended to be integrated within the code of conduct which made up the backbone of the class management.The study sample consisted of (105) students from the eighth and ninth grades in Berein Secondary School, The Second Directorate of Education in Zarqa District. The subjects were divided into four groups; two experimental groups consisted of (51) male students who were taught through using code-switching. The other two control groups consisted of (52) male students who were taught the same content through the conventional strategy. Questionnaires were distributed into (100) male and female English teachers in different public and private schools to know their attitudes toward using code-switching in their daily lessons in EFL classrooms.To achieve the goals of this study, the researcher chose both the quantitative design (achievement test) and the qualitative design (interviews and questionnaire) to conduct his study. Analysis of One-Way ANOVA was performed to test the statistical significance of the differences among groups. The results revealed that there was a statistical significant difference at the level (α =0.05) in the mean scores between the experimental groups and the control groups in favor of the experimental groups. The result showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the subjects of the experimental groups who were taught through the code of conduct and using the code-switching.
Keywords:Code-Switching, strategies, eighth and ninth grades students, code of conduct and function of code switching.

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على مستوى العلاقة بين نظم المعلومات وعملية اتخاذ القرارات الإدارية لدى العاملين في دائرة الموارد البشرية في حكومة الفجيرة / دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. وقد تم تحديد مجتمع البحث الحالي بجميع العاملين في دائرة الموارد البشرية بحكومة الفجيرة ومن كلا الجنسين، وبمختلف مستوياتهم الوظيفية، والبالغ عددهم (84) فردا، وقد تم أخذ عينة من هذا المجتمع عددها (60) فرداً وتمثل ما نسبته (71%) من مجتمع البحث الكلي. ولغرض جمع البيانات استخدم باحثان (استبانة) كأداة لبحثه قام بإعدادها وبناء فقراتها، تضمنت (109) فقرات موزعة على أربعة أبعاد هي بعد جودة نظام المعلومات، وبعد جودة المعلومة، وبعد جودة الخدمة، وبعد تكنولوجيا المعلومات بجانبيها المادي والبرمجي . وفي ضوء التحليل الإحصائي كانت أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحثان هي وجود علاقة كبيرة جدا بين نظم المعلومات وعملية اتخاذ القرارات الإدارية في دائرة الموارد البشرية. وجود علاقة كبيرة جدا بين جودة النظام ، جودة الخدمة ، جودة المعلومات ، تكنولوجيا المعلومات وعملية اتخاذ القرارات الإدارية.
الكلمات المفتاحية : نظم المعلومات ، القرارات الادارية ، تكنولوجيا المعلومات ، جودة الخدمة